BUDGET RESOLUTION (includes reconciliation instructions to committees in Title II):
| FY 2025 | House Action | Senate Action | Hse-Sen Agreement |
| FY 2025 Budget Res. |
H.Con.Res. 14 2/25: passed House 217-215; H.Rpt. 119-4 |
S.Con.Res. 7 2/21: passed Senate 52-48 Budget tables (no report filed) SBC summary |
4/10: House passed the Senate’s revised budget resolution putting the concurrent resolution on the budget into effect (this is an internal congressional framework–not a law; presidential signature is not required). |
| 4/10: Revised budget resolution passed House 216-214 | 4/2: Senate unveils revised resolution 4/5: passed Senate 51-48 |
| Budget Reconciliation TRACKER (committee reporting deadline May 9, 2025). |
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| House GOP aiming to have their reconciliation package on the Floor the Week of May 19. | |||
| If you have updates for the following table, please email us here and write “recon-tracker update” in the subject line. |
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| This page is frequently updated; refresh your browser to check for updates. | |||
| 10 – Year Committee Instructions FYs 2025 – 2034 Deficit increases in red Spending cuts in green |
House Committee Action |
Senate Committee Action |
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| Overview: 5/2: Dems launch pressure campaign to sink bill 5/3: Problems piling up for Recon. Bill 5/5: House Repubs set flurry of mtgs. on megabill 5/7: Moderates and fiscal hawks dig in 5/7: Fiscal hawks say bill must not add to deficit 5/7: Spending could rise $1.6t under Senate plan 5/8: Tax cuts endangered by cold feet on spending 5/10: Big problems at center of House budget bill |
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| Extension of 2017 tax cuts expiring at the end of 2025 | Hse. Ways & Means: not more than $4.5 trillion* Sen. Finance: 0 – claiming “no cost” to tax cut extensions |
Markup scheduled 5/13, 2pm Watch markup REVISED TEXT JCT DESCRIPTION 5/12: W&M releases Chairman’s mark 5/12: Politico summary of Chairman’s mark 5/12: WP: House GOP reveals Trump’s tax breaks for tips, overtime and car loans in bill, but costs run high 5/12: WSJ: Republican Tax Plan Boosts SALT Deduction, Ends Green-Energy Breaks; Proposal ends some taxes on tipped income and overtime pay and extends Trump’s expiring 2017 tax cuts. Key Points: For recent articles on negotiations leading up to the W&M markup, link to our Federal Tax News page |
5/2: How two powerful, polar-opposite Republicans–Crapo and Smith–are paving the way for Trump’s reconciliation bill |
| New Tax Cuts for overtime pay, tip income, Soc. Sec. benefits, and increasing cap on state and local tax (SALT) deduction | Sen. Finance: not more than $1.5 trillion |
5/2: NYTimes reports House Republicans are trying to incorporate not taxing tips, overtime pay or Social Security benefits in their tax bill. | |
| Debt Limit Increase |
Hse. Ways & Means increase by $4 trillion Sen. Finance not more than $5 trillion (due May 16) |
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| Defense Increases | Hse. Armed Services: not more than $100 billion Sen. Armed Services: not more than $150 billion |
4/29 Markup (video) Text Overview Section-by-Section Amendments 4/29: Committee approved 35-21 House and Senate Armed Services Committees marked up a $150 billion multiyear package including shipbuilding, missile defense, modernizing the nuclear triad, improving Taiwan’s self-defense, aircraft, border security. and auditing capabilities. 5/2: Defense spending increase hinges on reconciliation; GOP defense hawks critical of Trump plan |
House and Senate Armed Services Committees will markup a $150 billion multiyear package including shipbuilding, missile defense, modernizing the nuclear triad, improving Taiwan’s self-defense, aircraft, border security. and auditing capabilities. |
| Immigration Enforcement and Border Spending Increases (Homeland jurisdiction) |
Hse. Homeland Sec: not more than $90 billion Sen. HSGAC: not more than $175 billion |
4/29 Markup (video) Bill text Bill summary 4/29: Committee approved 18-14 Homeland panel approves billions for border wall construction and other security measures Post-markup press release 5/9: CBO released $67 b cost estimate of HSec legislation |
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| Immigration Enforcement and Border Spending Increases (Judiciary jurisdiction) |
Hse. Judiciary: not more than $110 billion Sen. Judiciary: not more than $175 billion |
4/30 Markup (video) Bill Text and Amendments Committee print CBO estimate 4/30: Committee approved 23-17 Ranking Dem Raskin statement The plan includes a $1000 fee to claim asylum and a $3500 fee for sponsors of unaccompanied children, and provides $45 billion in new spending for migrant detention centers, $14.4 billion for migrant removal, and $8 billion for new ICE staff. The Judiciary language also includes the controversial REINS Act would require any “major rule that increases revenue” to be approved via a joint resolution of the House and Senate before taking effect. It would also allow lawmakers to retroactively terminate countless rules that federal agencies have already implemented by requiring them to submit them to Congress for review. Rules that Congress does not approve would automatically sunset. However, the REINS provisions could face a Byrd rule challenge in the Senate as a major policy provision having a “merely incidental” budgetary effect, rendering it ineligible for inclusion in the filibuster-proof reconciliation bill. Text of legislation and amendments 5/2: Plan to move FTC antitrust enforcement to DOJ dropped due to anticipated Byrd Rule in the Senate |
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| Spending Increase |
Sen. Commerce: not more than $20 billion |
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| Spending Increase |
Sen. EPW not more than $1 billion |
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| Cuts to health programs including MEDICAID, and other budget savings from spectrum auctions, energy and telecomm.
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Hse. Energy & Commerce (jurisdiction over Medicaid, Medicare, Energy, Telecomm, Commerce) at least $880 billion |
Markup scheduled 5/13, 2pm Today, Congressman Brett Guthrie (KY-02), Chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, released committee prints that will be considered at the budget reconciliation markup on May 13, 2025, at 2:00 PM CLICK HERE to read the Energy Subtitle. CLICK HERE to read the Environment Subtitle. CLICK HERE to read the Communications Subtitle. CLICK HERE to read the Health Subtitle. CLICK HERE to read the Section by Section. CBO letter released May 12 “Late Sunday, Democrats circulated a partial CBO analysis of the committee’s proposal, which found it would reduce federal spending by an estimated $912 billion over the decade — $715 billion from health provisions alone — and cause 8.6 million people to become uninsured.” CBO estimate For recent articles on negotiations leading up to the E&C markup, link to our Medicaid page 5/11: WSJ summary of Medicaid provisions in the Energy & Commerce reconciliation title |
Senate Finance Comm. is not instructed to cut Medicaid or Medicare 5/3: Sen. Hawley talking to House GOP members opposed to Medicaid cuts |
| SNAP (Food Stamp) cuts and other cuts to farm programs |
Hse. Agriculture at least $230 billion Sen. Agriculture |
Markup scheduled 5/13, evening 4/27: WH wariness tempers GOP plans to shre food-aid spending with states 4/28: GOP looking at shifting part of food stamp costs to States 4/30: House Comm. Chair says he wants to use the reconciliation process to advance “farm bill” provisions 5/1: Recon bill could include export trade promotion, livestock biosecurity and other provisions from moribund “farm bill” 5/3: Backlash from GOP centrists on food stamp cuts 5/6: Major SNAP food aid overhaul in Trump bill |
5/3: Senate Ag. Comm. would limit food stamp cuts to stricter work requirements |
| Cuts to student loans and Pell Grants | Hse. Ed & Workforce at least $330 billion |
4/28: Analysis of impact on Pell Grants and student loans 4/29 Markup (video) Press Release Links to Bill Text and Chairman’s Mark 4/29: Committee approved 21-14 The legislation caps the amount of federal loans a student can take out, cuts off Pell Grant for students who attend less than half time, consolidates income-driven repayment plans, and introduces a risk-sharing program where colleges are partially responsible for unpaid student loans. In general, under the Committee’s financial aid reforms, student loans would cost more and fewer people would be eligible for Pell grants. |
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| Cut Funding for CFPB; Eliminate PCAOB and transfer to SEC; Rescind HUD funds |
Hse. Financial Services at least $1 billion Sen. Banking |
4/30 Markup (video) Bill text Committee Background Memorandum 4/30: Committee approved 30-22 4/30: approved provisions to rescind funds for energy efficiency retrofits of housing; dissolve the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (responsible for auditing publicly traded companies) and fold it into the Securities and Exchange Commission; and reduce funding of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (by almost 60 percent). 5/7: CBO cost estimate |
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| Expanding Oil & Gas Leases on Fed. Lands, Waters | Hse. Natural Resources at least $1 billion Sen. Energy & Natural Resources |
5/6: Mark-up video 5/6: Committee approved 26-17 Markup Page Chairman’s Mark Bill Text and Amendments Ranking Democrat calls it “the most destructive environmental bill in American history.“ 5/2 :Permitting overhaul could be dropped due to Byrd Rule 5/2: CBO projects the legislation would decrease the deficit by about $15 billion over a 10-year window, driven by increased revenue from expanded oil, gas and mineral production. Notably absent from the bill’s text are sales of public land, which Republicans had considered. 5/5: The bill would aim to drastically ramp up energy production by mandating quarterly onshore oil and gas leases while offering new offshore leases in the Western Gulf of Mexico and Alaska’s Cook Inlet. The bill also offers four new leases in ANWR. The bill would return oil and gas royalties to pre-Inflation Reduction Act rates. The bill also makes significant changes to expedite the environmental review and permitting process. Committee’s ranking Dem calls it “the most aggressive attack on the environment, public lands and clean energy that Congress has ever seen.” 5/7: Committee approves sharp increase in oil, gas, coal and mineral leases on public lands and waters, and sale of public lands to partially pay for tax cuts 5/7: Bill boosts fossil fuels, cuts environmental reviews 5/9: New Cuts to Oil and Gas Royalty Rates in Budget Reconciliation Will Reduce Federal Revenues 5/11: Chairman’s op-ed claims that cuts to Medicaid will save Medicaid |
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| Pension Cuts for Federal Workers, Increased Pension Contributions, and Requiring new Workers to Give Up Civil Service Protections or Lose Pay |
Hse. Oversight & Govt. Reform at least $50 billion |
4/30: Markup (video) Bill Text and Amendments Bill Summary 4/30: Committee approved 22-21. Markup summary The GOP approved plan would effectively cut take-home pay, cut pensions, and require federal employees to decide between taking a reduced paycheck or keeping their civil service protections. 4/30: Dems, unions blast bill as assault on federal workers 4/30: Summary by Nat’l Assoc. of Postal Supervisors 5/8: Scalise hinted leadership could change the committee’s federal worker provisions |
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| Inflation Reduction Act Rollback and new spending on Coast Guard and FAA |
Hse. Transp. & Infrastr. at least $10 billion |
4/30 Markup (video) Bill Language Summary of legislation 4/30: Committee approved 36-30 Approved provisions to rescind Inflation Reduction Act climate investments, impose fees on electric vehicles and hybrids to offset gas tax losses, and increase spending for the Coast Guard ($21b) and air traffic control ($12b) modernization, with net deficit reduction exceeding the Committee’s $10 billion reconciliation instruction. The Committee rejected a universal $20 car fee to stabilize the ailing Highway Trust Fund. |
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| Sen. Health, Ed, Labor, Pensions at least $1 billion |
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| House and Senate Budget Committees assemble (w/o change) the various committee titles into a reconciliation bill for Floor consideration |
House Budget Committee markup tentatively scheduled for 5/16 | ||
| *The Ways & Means tax cut instructions are to be reduced below $4.5 trillion if total spending cuts by House committees fall below $2 trillion, and may increase above $4.5 trillion if total spending cuts by House committees exceed $2 trillion. (section 4001 of budget resolution). |
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For a detailed nonpartisan explanation of the budget resolution/reconciliation process read Trillions: A Primer.