FY 2025 BUDGET RESOLUTION & RECONCILIATION TRACKERS 
Budget Resolution Tracker
(established reconciliation instructions for each committee — see Title II)
House Action  Senate Action Hse-Sen Agreement
FY 2025
BUDGET RESOLUTION
H.Con.Res. 14
2/25: passed House 217-215;  H.Rpt. 119-4
S.Con.Res. 7
2/21: passed Senate 52-48
Budget tables
(no report filed)
SBC summary
4/10: House passed the Senate’s revised budget resolution putting the concurrent resolution on the budget into effect (this is an internal congressional framework–not a law; presidential signature is not required).
4/10: Revised budget resolution passed House 216-214 4/2: Senate unveils revised resolution 
4/5: passed Senate 51-48
Budget Reconciliation Tracker
See our weekly column, Trillions on substack, for analysis of the unfolding budget reconciliation bill. 
See our bookTrillions: A Primer on Federal Spending, Taxes, and the U.S. Debt Ceiling
for a nonpartisan explanation of budget reconciliation and the Senate’s Byrd Rule.
 
THIS YEAR’S RECONCILITION PROCESS IN A NUTSHELLcurrent stage in red:
1. House and Senate adopt a budget resolution including reconciliation instructions to the tax and authorizing committees to make specified amounts budgetary changes in tax and entitlement spending laws.
2. House committees markup their respective titles of the bill.
3. House Budget Committee packages all of the titles (each committee’s piece of the bill) into a single bill.
4. Combined bill advances to the House Rules Committee, where Leadership can negotiate changes to the bill in order to secure sufficient votes for passage by the full House.
5. Full House votes on the reconciliation bill.  If passed, the bill goes to the Senate for consideration.
6. If it passes the House, Senate Committees will then meet–formally in markups or informally in GOP conferences–to consider changes to the House provisions, including changes necessitated by the Senate’s “Byrd Rule–which allows only “budgetary provisions” to be included in a reconciliation bill and does not permit provisions that increase long-term deficits.
7. Senate Budget Committee packages all of the Senate-amended provisions into a single Senate substitute amendment.
8. Full Senate considers the Senate substitute and votes on amendments to change budgetary levels or strike provisions.
9. If the Senate passes an alternative version: (1) the Senate can send its version back to the House for a vote; or (2) the Senate can request a conference with the House to negotiate the final bill.
 
BUDGET ITEM 10-YEAR COMMITTEE INSTRUCTIONS
FYs 2025-2034
Deficit increases in red
Spending cuts in green
HOUSE
Budget Reconciliation
Committee 

and Floor Action
SENATE
Budget Reconciliation
Committee
and Floor
Action
House Floor Action


Senate preparation for Floor Action

  5/22:  Amended bill passed the House 215-214 (party line vote, except for 2 Republicansvoting no, 1 voting present, and 2 not voting)
Bill Text and GOP Leadership Amendment
CBO cost estimate
JCT revenue estimates
JCT description of provisions
CBO distributional analysis
JCT distributional analysis
CBO estimates by committee
Trillions summary of the bill
10 troubling provisions you may have missed
5/22:  The budget reconciliation bill now goes to the Senate which returns from its Memorial Day recess on Monday, June 2, 2025.  During Senate Floor consideration any Senator may offer amendments to change numbers in the bill or strike entire provisions, or use the Senate’s Byrd Rule to have any non-budgetary provisions (or policy changes with a “merely incidental” budgetary effects) struck from the bill. Click here to receive a detailed explanation of the Byrd Rule.
5/27:  7 ways Republicans are split over Trump’s “big bill”
5/29:  Provisions in the House bill vulnerable to the
Senate’s Byrd Rule include: the REINS Act aimed at rolling back regulations; preventing Medicaid use for gender care; preemption of state laws regulating AI; expedited permitting for natural gas pipeline projects; and new immigration fees aimed at deterring asylum seekers.
Combine Reconciliation Titles into One Bill Following committee mark-ups of budget reconciliation language, the House and Senate Budget Committees each hold a “mark-up” to formally combine the various titles (without change) into a single reconciliation bill and vote to send the bill to the full House and Senate for consideration. 5/18: The House Budget Committee in a rare Sunday night markup advanced the combined budget reconciliation bill 17-16 (with 4 Republicans voting present)—after initially rejecting it last Friday 16-21 over demands by 5 committee Republicans for additional spending cuts. Weekend negotiations with the 5 GOP “no” votes, allowed the bill to move forward Sunday evening with assurances of continuing negotiations on more spending cuts and allowing 4 of the 5 Republicans to vote “present,” rather than “yes,” on reporting the bill to the full House.
Bill Text
Current Compilation of CBO Cost Estimates on Budget Reconciliation
Extension of 2017 tax cuts expiring at the end of 2025 with a temporary boost to the standard deduction and child tax credit; new tax cuts for overtime pay, tip income, Soc. Sec. benefits, car loan interest on American cars; increased cap on state and local tax (SALT) deduction. Hse. Ways & Means: 
not more than $4.5 trillion*


Sen. Finance:
not more than $1.5 trillion
(Note: Senate GOP claims “no cost” to tax cut extensions because it extends a current policy)

5/14: Committee approved legislation 26-19
JCT distributional analysis of tax provisions
Watch markup video
REVISED TEXT
JCT DESCRIPTION
5/12: W&M releases Chairman’s mark
5/12: Politico summary of Chairman’s mark
5/12: WP: House GOP reveals Trump’s tax breaks for tips, overtime and car loans in bill, but costs run high
5/12: Republican Tax Plan Boosts SALT Deduction, Ends Green-Energy Breaks; Proposal ends some taxes on tipped income and overtime pay and extends Trump’s expiring 2017 tax cuts.
For recent articles on negotiations leading up to the W&M markup, link to our Federal Tax News page
5/2: How two powerful, polar-opposite Republicans–Crapo and Smith–are paving the way for Trump’s reconciliation bill.
Debt Limit Increase Hse. Ways & Means
increase by $4 trillion


Sen. Finance
not more than $5 trillion

SEC. 113001. MODIFICATION OF LIMITATION ON THE PUBLIC DEBT. The limitation under section 3101(b) of title 31, United States Code, as most recently increased by section 401(b) of Public Law 118–5 (31 U.S.C. 3101 note), is increased by $4,000,000,000,000.
Defense Increases Hse. Armed Services:
not more than $100 billion


Sen. Armed Services:
not more than $150 billion

4/29: Committee approved legislation 35-21
4/29 Markup (video)
5/5: CBO Cost Estimate
Bill Text
Overview
Section-by-Section
Amendments
House and Senate Armed Services Committees marked up a $150 billion multiyear package including shipbuilding, missile defense, modernizing the nuclear triad, improving Taiwan’s self-defense, aircraft, border security. and auditing capabilities.
Immigration Enforcement and
Border Spending Increases
(Homeland Security Committee jurisdiction)
Hse. Homeland Sec:
not more than $90 billion


Sen. HSGAC:
not more than $175 billion

4/29: Committee approved legislation 18-14
4/29 Markup (video)
5/9: CBO released $67 b cost estimate of HSec legislation

Bill text
Bill summary
Homeland panel approves billions for border wall construction and other security measures
Post-markup press release
Immigration Enforcement and
Border Spending Increases
(Judiciary Committee jurisdiction)
Hse. Judiciary:
not more than $110 billion


Sen. Judiciary:
not more than $175 billion

4/30: Committee approved legislation 23-17
5/19 CBO estimate
Text of legislation and amendments

4/30 Markup (video)
Bill Text and Amendments
Committee print
Ranking Dem Raskin statement
The plan includes a $1000 fee to claim asylum and a $3500 fee for sponsors of unaccompanied children, and provides $45 billion in new spending for migrant detention centers, $14.4 billion for migrant removal, and $8 billion for new ICE staff.
The Judiciary language also includes the controversial REINS Act would require any “major rule that increases revenue” to be approved via a joint resolution of the House and Senate before taking effect.
Spending Increase Sen. Commerce:
not more than $20 billion
Spending Increase Sen. Environment & Public Works
not more than $1 billion
Cuts to health programs including MEDICAID,
and other budget savings from
spectrum auctions,
energy and
telecommunications.
Hse. Energy & Commerce Committee
(jurisdiction over Medicaid, Medicare,
Energy, Telecomm, Commerce)

at least $880 billion
5/11: Preliminary CBO estimate: number of people without health coverage would increase by 13.7 million in 2034
5/14 – Committee approved legislation 30-24
5/20:
 SUMMARY of MEDICAID, ACA, MEDICARE, HSA provisions in reconciliation

5/13 Markup (video)
5/14 Markup (video)
CLICK HERE to read the Energy Subtitle.
CLICK HERE to read the Environment Subtitle.
CLICK HERE to read the Communications Subtitle.
CLICK HERE to read the Health Subtitle.
CLICK HERE to read the Section by Section.
CLICK HERE to read a summary of the health provisions
CBO letter
For recent articles on negotiations leading up to the E&C markup, link to our Medicaid page.
SNAP (Food Stamp) cuts
and
other farm bill provisions
Hse. Agriculture
at least $230 billion


Sen. Agriculture
at least $1 billion

5/14: Committee approved legislation 29-25
5/13: Markup (video)
5/14: Markup (video)
Legislative Text
Section-by-Section Summary
Overview Summary
GOP one-pager on work requirements
GOP one-pager on state accountability
5/12: Dem statement on cuts to SNAP
5/12: Committee releases plan to push SNAP costs onto the States
5/12: US House looks to hike work requirements for food aid
5/13: SNAP cuts would save roughly $300 billion–well over the instructed target of $230 billion, giving Republicans room to include a $60 billion farm bill package
5/13: Letter from APHSA to Ag Committees
5/15: House Ag Comm approves $300 billion in nutrition spending cuts
5/3: Senate Ag. Comm. would limit food stamp cuts to stricter work requirements
Cuts to student loans and Pell Grants Hse. Education & Workforce
at least $330 billion
4/29: Committee approved legislation 21-14
Analysis of impact on Pell Grants and student loans
4/29 Markup (video)
5/15: CBO Cost Estimate

Press Release
Links to Bill Text and Chairman’s Mark
The legislation caps the amount of federal loans a student can take out, cuts off Pell Grant for students who attend less than half time, consolidates income-driven repayment plans, and introduces a risk-sharing program where colleges are partially responsible for unpaid student loans
. In general, under the Committee’s financial aid reforms, student loans would cost more and fewer people would be eligible for Pell grants.
Cut Funding for Consumer Financial Protection Bureau;
Eliminate the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and transfer to SEC;
Rescind HUD funds
Hse. Financial Services
at least $1 billion


Sen. Banking
at least $1 billion

4/30: Committee approved legislation 30-22
4/30 Markup (video)
5/7: CBO Cost Estimate
Bill text
Committee Background Memorandum
4/30: approved provisions to rescind funds for energy efficiency retrofits of housing; dissolve the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (responsible for auditing publicly traded companies) and fold it into the Securities and Exchange Commission; and reduce funding of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (by almost 60 percent).

CBO cost estimate
Expanding Oil & Gas Leases on Federal Lands,
and in Federal Waters 
Hse. Natural Resources
at least $1 billion


Sen. Energy & Natural Resources
at least $1 billion

5/6: Committee approved legislation 26-17
5/6: Mark-up video
5/19: CBO Cost Estimate

Markup Page
Chairman’s Mark
Bill Text and Amendments
Ranking Democrat calls it “the most destructive environmental bill in American history.“
Pension Cuts for Federal Workers,
Increased Pension Contributions,
and Requiring new Workers to Give Up Civil Service Protections or Lose Pay
Hse. Oversight & Government Reform
at least $50 billion
4/30: Committee approved legislation 22-21
4/30: Markup (video)
5/13: CBO Cost Estimate
Bill Text and Amendments
Bill Summary
Markup summary
The GOP approved plan would effectively cut take-home pay, cut pensions, and require federal employees to decide between taking a reduced paycheck or keeping their civil service protections.
4/30: Dems, unions blast bill as assault on federal workers
4/30: Summary by Nat’l Assoc. of Postal Supervisors
5/8:  Scalise hinted leadership could change the committee’s federal worker provisions
5/19: Increase in FERS contribution rate dropped from bill
5/20: Revisions cancel $30 – $40 billion of federal worker cuts
Rollback of Inflation Reduction Act Climate Investments;
New Spending on FAA and Coast Guard
Hse. Transportation & Infrastructure
at least $10 billion
4/30: Committee approved legislation 36-30
4/30 Markup (video)
5/13: CBO Cost Estimate

Bill Language
Summary of legislation
Approved provisions to rescind Inflation Reduction Act climate investments, impose fees on electric vehicles and hybrids to offset gas tax losses, and increase spending for the Coast Guard ($21b) and air traffic control ($12b) modernization, with net deficit reduction exceeding the Committee’s $10 billion reconciliation instruction. The Committee rejected a universal $20 car fee to stabilize the ailing Highway Trust Fund.
Sen. Health, Education, Labor, Pensions
at least $1 billion
*The Ways & Means tax cut instructions are to be reduced below $4.5 trillion if total spending cuts by House committees fall below $2 trillion, and may increase above $4.5 trillion if total spending cuts by House committees exceed $2 trillion. (section 4001 of budget resolution).