Note: recent developments on budget reconciliation are displayed on the Home page.
The reconciliation bill titles below refer to the calendar year of enactment, not the fiscal year of the budget resolution that launched the reconciliation process. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was enacted pursuant to budget reconciliation instructions in the FY 2018 budget resolution. This occurs because budget resolutions focus on the upcoming fiscal year (the “budget year”), while bill titles refer to the calendar year of enactment. Occasionally, the reconciliation process is prolonged, and the years coincide, as with the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was launched in calendar 2021 with the FY 2022 budget resolution, but was not completed until August 16, 2022.
Note on the debt limit and reconciliation: as reflected in the table, reconciliation bills have been used 4 times to raise the statutory ceiling on the public debt: 1986, 1990, 1993, and 1997.
Reconciliation: Bills, Reports, Instructions, Committees, Debt Limit |
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Budget Reconciliation Acts (and vetoed bills) |
Includes Debt Limit Increase? |
Links to Recon. Instructions |
House Committees receiving recon. instructions |
Senate Committees receiving recon. instructions |
Links to Recon. Reports |
1. Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980, Pub. L. No. 96-499, 94 Stat. 2599 (1980). | n/a | H.Con.Res. 307 Sections 3 and 7 |
Armed Services, Ed & Labor, Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Post Office/Civil Service, Public Works and Transportation, Small Business, Veterans, Ways & Means | Appropriations, Agriculture, Armed Services, Commerce, Environment & Public Works, Finance, Governmental Affairs, Labor, Small Business, Veterans | HR 7765 |
2. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, Pub. L. No. 97-35, 95 Stat. 357-933 (1981). | n/a | H.Con.Res. 115 Section 301 |
Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking, District of Columbia, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Foreign Affairs, Interior, Merchant Marine, Post Office/Civil Service, Public Works/Transportation, Science, Small Business, Veterans, Ways & Means | Appropriations, Agriculture, Armed Service, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment & Public Works, Finance, Foreign Relations, Governmental Affairs, Judiciary, Labor, Small Business, Veterans | HR 3982 |
3. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982, Pub. L. No. 97-253, 96 Stat. 763 (1982). | n/a | S.Con.Res. 92 Section 2 (instructions for two Recon-ciliation Bills) |
Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking, Energy & Commerce, Foreign Affairs, Merchant Marine, Post Office/Civil Service, Veterans, Ways & Means (spending instructions) | Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking, Commerce, Finance (spending instructions), Foreign Relations, Governmental Affairs, Veterans | HR 6955 |
4. Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA), Pub. L. No. 97-248, 96 Stat. 324 (1982). | n/a | Ways & Means (revenue instructions) | Finance (revenue instructions) | HR 4961 | |
5. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1983, Pub. L. No. 98-270, 98 Stat. 157 (1984). | n/a | H.Con.Res. 91 Section 3 |
Armed Services, Energy & Commerce, Foreign Affairs, Post Office/Civil Service, Small Business, Veterans, Ways & Means | Finance, Governmental Affairs, Small Business, Veterans
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HR 4169 |
6. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA), P.L. 99-272, 100 Stat. 82 (1986). | n/a | S.Con.Res. 32 Section 2 |
Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Government Ops, Interior, Judiciary, Merchant Marine, Post Office/Civil Office, Public Works/Transportation, Small Business, Veterans, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment & Public Works, Finance, Governmental Affairs, Labor, Small Business, Veterans | H.R. 3128 |
7. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-509, 100 Stat. 1874 (1986). | §8201 | S.Con.Res. 120 Section 2 |
Agriculture, Banking, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Interior, Merchant Marine, Post Office/Civil Service, Public Works & Transportation, Small Business, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment & Public Works, Finance, Governmental Affairs, Labor, Small Business | HR 5300 |
8. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, Pub. L. No. 100-203, 101 Stat. 1330, (1987). | n/a | H.Con.Res. 93 Section 4 |
Agriculture, Merchant Marine, Banking, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Interior, Post Office/Civil Service, Veterans, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment & Public Works, Finance, Governmental Affairs, Labor, Veterans | HR 3545 |
9. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, Pub. L. No. 101-239, 103 Stat. 2106 (1989). | n/a | H.Con.Res. 106 Section 4, 5, and 9 |
Agriculture, Banking, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Government Ops, Interior, Merchant Marine, Post Office/Civil Service, Veterans, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Environment & Public Works, Finance, Governmental Affairs, Labor, Veterans | HR 3299 |
10. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-508, 104 Stat. 1388 (1990). | §11901 | H.Con.Res. 310 Section 4 |
Agriculture, Banking, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Interior, Judiciary, Merchant Marine, Post Office/Civil Service, Public Works, Science, Veterans, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment & Public Works, Finance, Governmental Affairs, Judiciary, Labor, Veterans | HR 5835 |
11. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, Pub. L. No. 103-66, 107 Stat. 312 (1993). | §13411 | H.Con.Res. 64 Section 7 |
Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Foreign Affairs, Judiciary, Merchant Marine, Natural Resources, Post Office/Civil Service, Public Works and Transportation, Veterans, Ways & Means |
Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment/Public Works, Finance, Foreign Relations, Governmental Affairs, Judiciary, Labor, Veterans | HR 2264 |
[H.R. 2491, 104th Cong., (1995), vetoed.] | n/a | H.Con.Res. 67 Section 105 |
Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Economic & Educational Opportunities, Government Reform, International Relations, Judiciary, National Security, Resources, Transportation Veterans, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment & Public Works, Finance, Governmental Affairs, Judiciary, Labor, Veterans | HR 2491 |
12. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-193, 110 Stat. 2105 (1996). | n/a | H.Con.Res. 178 Sections 201-02 |
Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Economic & Educational Opportunities, Government Reform, International Relations, Judiciary, National Security, Resources, Science, Transportation, Veterans, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment, Finance, Governmental Affairs, Judiciary, Labor, Veterans | HR 3734 |
13. Balanced Budget Act of 1997, Pub. L. No. 105-33, 111 Stat. 251 (1997). | §5701 | H.Con.Res.84 Section 104-05 (included instructions for two Recon-ciliation Bills) |
Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Ed & the Workforce, Government Reform, Transportation, Veterans, Ways & Means (spending instructions) | Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Finance (spending instructions), Governmental Affairs, Labor, Veterans | HR 2015 |
14. Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. No. 105-34, 111 Stat. 788 (1997). | n/a | Ways & Means (revenue instructions) | Finance (revenue instructions) | HR 2014 | |
[H.R. 2488, 106th Cong., (1999), vetoed.] | n/a | H.Con.Res.68 Sections 104-05 |
Ways & Means (revenue instructions) | Finance (revenue instructions) | HR 2488 |
[H.R. 4810, 106th Cong., (2000), vetoed.] | n/a | H.Con.Res.290 Sections 103-04 |
Ways & Means (revenue and debt ceiling instructions) | Finance (revenue instructions) | HR 4810 |
15. Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA), Pub. L. No. 107-16, 115 Stat. 38 (2001). | n/a | H.Con.Res.83 Sections 103-04 |
Ways & Means | Finance | HR 1836 |
16. Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-27, 117 Stat. 752 (2003). | n/a | H.Con.Res.95 Sections 201-02 |
Ways & Means | Finance | HR 2 |
17. Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-171, 120 Stat. 4 (2006). | n/a | H.Con.Res.95 Sections 201-02 (included instructions for two reconcili- ation bills) |
Agriculture, Ed & Workforce, Energy & Commerce, Financial Services, Judiciary, Resources, Transportation, Ways & Means (spending instructions) | Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment, Finance (spending instructions), HELP (Health Education, Labor & Pensions), Judiciary | S 1932 |
18. Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 (TIPRA), Pub. L. No. 109-222, 120 Stat. 345 (2006). | n/a | Ways & Means (revenue and debt limit instructions) | Finance (revenue and debt limit instructions) | HR 4297 | |
19. College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007, Pub. L. No. 110-84, 121 Stat. 784 (2007). | n/a | S.Con.Res.21 Sections 601-02 |
Ed & Labor | HELP | HR 2669 |
20. Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111-152, 124 Stat. 1029 (2010). | n/a | S.Con.Res.13 Sections 201-02 |
Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Ways & Means | Finance, HELP | HR 4872 |
[H.R. 3762, 114th Cong., (2016), vetoed.] | n/a | S.Con.Res. 11 Sections 2001-02 |
Ed & the Workforce, Energy & Commerce, Ways & Means | Finance, HELP | HR 3762 |
21. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), Pub. L. No. 115-97, 131 Stat. 2054 (2017). | n/a | H.Con.Res.71 Sections 2001-02 |
Natural Resources, Ways & Means | Energy, Finance | HR 1 |
22. American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA), Pub. L. No. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (2021).
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n/a | S.Con.Res. 5 Sections 2001-02 |
Agriculture, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Financial Services, Foreign Affairs, Natural Resources, Oversight, Science, Small Business, Transportation, Veterans, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Environment and Public Works, Finance, Foreign Relations, HELP, Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Indian Affairs, Small Business, Veterans | HR 1319 |
23. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Pub. L. No. 117-169 (2022)
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n/a | S.Con.Res. 14 Sections 2001-02 |
Agriculture, Ed & Labor, Energy & Commerce, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Judiciary, Natural Resources, Oversight, Science, Small Business, Transportation, Veterans, Ways & Means | Agriculture, Banking, Commerce, Energy, Environment, Finance, HELP, Homeland Security, Indian Affairs, Judiciary, Small Business, Veterans | H.R. 5376 |